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Aplicación de técnicas forenses en la evaluación de daños en proyectos de ingeniería civil

Montúfar, Gabriel

Application of forensic techniques in damage assessment in civil engineering projects



Autores Montúfar, Gabriel
Tema Construcción
Tema Daños
Tema Evaluación
Tema Ingeniería Civil
Tema Marcos legales
Tema Assessment
Tema Civil Engineering
Tema Construction
Tema Damae
Tema Legal frameworks
Descripción The application of forensic techniques in damage assessment in civil engineering projects represents an interdisciplinary approach that integrates advanced technical evaluations and legal frameworks to determine causes of structural failures, optimize repairs, and assign liability. This article explores methods such as the use of ground-penetrating radar, deep learning in image analysis, and non-destructive testing to identify damage to bridges, pavements, and buildings, based on real-life cases of collapses due to fires, earthquakes, and construction errors. Emphasis is placed on the numerical reconstruction of disaster scenes to simulate temperature and load distributions, improving technical accuracy. In the legal field, expert reports in arbitration, accident investigations, and regulations governing civil liability are analyzed, highlighting the importance of expert reports in judicial proceedings. Two tables are included that summarize forensic techniques applied in recent studies and legal frameworks in contexts of structural failures. The objective is to provide a comprehensive guide for engineers and lawyers, promoting preventive practices that minimize risks in critical infrastructures. Through a comprehensive review of specialized literature, it is concluded that the integration of these techniques not only accelerates post-disaster assessment but also strengthens safety and sustainability in civil engineering, with recommendations for future research in extreme climates and seismic regions.
Descripción La aplicación de técnicas forenses en la evaluación de daños en proyectos de ingeniería civil representa un enfoque interdisciplinario que integra evaluaciones técnicas avanzadas y marcos jurídicos para determinar causas de fallas estructurales, optimizar reparaciones y asignar responsabilidades. Este artículo explora métodos como el uso de radar de penetración en suelo, aprendizaje profundo en análisis de imágenes y pruebas no destructivas para identificar daños en puentes, pavimentos y edificios, basados en casos reales de colapsos por incendios, terremotos y errores de construcción. Se enfatiza la reconstrucción numérica de escenas de desastres para simular distribuciones de temperatura y cargas, mejorando la precisión técnica. En el ámbito jurídico, se analizan peritajes en arbitrajes, investigaciones de siniestros y normativas que regulan la responsabilidad civil, destacando la importancia de informes periciales en procesos judiciales. Se incluyen dos tablas que sintetizan técnicas forenses aplicadas en estudios recientes y marcos legales en contextos de fallas estructurales. El objetivo es proporcionar una guía integral para ingenieros y juristas, promoviendo prácticas preventivas que minimicen riesgos en infraestructuras críticas. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de literatura especializada, se concluye que la integración de estas técnicas no solo acelera la evaluación post-desastre, sino que fortalece la seguridad y la sostenibilidad en la ingeniería civil, con recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones en entornos de climas extremos y regiones sísmicas.
Editorial Universidad Metropolitana de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología
Fecha 2025-11-18
Tipo info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Tipo info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Formato application/pdf
Formato application/epub+zip
Formato text/xml
Identificador https://revistas.umecit.edu.pa/index.php/cathedra/article/view/1845
Identificador 10.37594/cathedra.n24.1845
Fuente Cathedra Journal; No. 24 (2025): CATHEDRA November 2025-April 2026; 107-119
Fuente Revista Cathedra; Núm. 24 (2025): CATHEDRA Noviembre 2025-Abril 2026; 107-119
Fuente 2644-397X
Fuente 2304-2494
Fuente 10.37594/cathedra.n24
Idioma spa
Relación https://revistas.umecit.edu.pa/index.php/cathedra/article/view/1845/2756
Relación https://revistas.umecit.edu.pa/index.php/cathedra/article/view/1845/2757
Relación https://revistas.umecit.edu.pa/index.php/cathedra/article/view/1845/2976
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Derechos Derechos de autor 2025 Revista CATHEDRA
Derechos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0